tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-31045616917855123572024-03-05T23:26:02.007-08:00A Tinge of SilenceAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-24692158068071979172012-09-02T21:43:00.000-07:002012-09-02T21:43:05.498-07:00Shakespearean time - Elizabethan period part 3<div align="center">
<ins style="border: none; display: inline-table; height: 90px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 728px;"></ins><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: large;">Elizabethan </span></b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: large;"><b>Theatre</b></span></div>
<br /><div align="justify">
<b><span style="color: #697fbf; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Theatre History and Timeline</span><span style="color: #ceb980;"><br /></span><span style="color: #cccccc;">The
history of the theater is fascinating. How plays were first produced in
the yards of inns - the Inn-yards. The very first theater and the
development of the amphitheatre! The Elizabethan Entrepreneurs ( the men
with the ideas and the money!). The building, design and construction
of a London Elizabethan Theatre. The plays, the playwrights, the
politics and the propaganda all play an important part in the history of
the Elizabethan Theatre. The Elizabethan Theatre was a booming
business. People loved the Theatre! The Elizabethan plays and theatres
were as popular as the movies and cinemas of the early 20th century.
Vast amounts of money could be made! The inn-keepers increased their
profits by allowing plays to be shown on temporary stages erected in the
yards of their inns (inn-yards). Soon purpose-built playhouses and
great open theatres were being constructed. The great success of the
theatre and what led to its downfall. The section covering Elizabethan
Theatre includes the following subjects: </span></b></div>
<ul style="color: #5267a8;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<b><span style="color: #cccccc;">The History of the Elizabethan theatre - the Inn-Yards, the Amphitheatres and the Playhouses</span></b></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan Plays and Propaganda</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan theatre and Plays banned from London City Limits</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The Puritans and the demise of the Elizabethan Theatre</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>An
Elizabethan Theatre Time presents all of the imported dates and events
in the history of the Elizabethan Theatre in a logical order!</b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<b><span style="color: #697fbf; font-size: medium;">Famous London Elizabethan Theatres</span><span style="color: #ceb980;"><br /></span><span style="color: #cccccc;">The
theatre was an expanding industry during the Elizabethan era. Many
theatres sprang up in and around the City of London. The excitement,
money and fame lured Elizabethan theatre entrepreneurs and actors into
working in the famous Elizabethan Theatre. Information about each of the
most famous names and type of theatre in the Elizabethan era have been
described in this section including the Globe, </span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>the
Theatre, Newington Butts, the Curtain Elizabethan Theatre, the Rose
Theatre, the Swan Theatre, the Fortune Elizabethan Theatre, the Boars
Head , the Bear Garden, the Bull Ring and the Hope Elizabethan Theatre.</b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-75086822583625225432012-09-02T21:38:00.003-07:002012-09-02T21:38:47.225-07:00Shakeperean time - Elizabethan period part 2<h2 align="center">
<span style="color: #778ed6;"><b>Elizabethan Hair Styles</b></span></h2>
<div align="justify">
<b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Hair Styles</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan
Hair Styles for the court were led by Queen Elizabeth. Upper class
fashion, which included hairstyles, was highly elaborate - and necessary
to achieve attention and success at court. It was referred to as the
Peacock age as the Upper class Elizabethan men were often more
elaborately dressed than the women and their hair and beards received a
similar amount of attention!</b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Hair Color</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>It
was important for Queen Elizabeth to maintain her image and the beauty
of a 'Virgin Queen'. The Elizabethan view of ideal beauty was a woman
with light hair and a snow white complexion complimented with red cheeks
and red lips. Queen Elizabeth achieved this picture of ideal beauty by
using white make-up. This explains the odd white face make-up seen in
many of her portraits. Queen Elizabeth had a natural red color hair.
This red hair look was emulated by many of the nobility of the
Elizabethan era, as was the fair hair ideal of an ideal woman! An Upper
Class Elizabethan woman followed this fashion further and might even dye
her hair yellow with a mixture of saffron, cumin seed, celandine and
oil! Wigs were also commonly used - Queen Elizabeth had a wide variety
of wigs and hair pieces - believed to number over eighty! These were
often referred to as Periwigs.</b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Hair Styles for Women</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan
Hair Styles for women were designed to compliment the upper class
fashions of the day. Ruffs, or ruffles, were in high fashion and during
the Elizabethan era these became more elaborate and were constructed on
gauze wings which were raised at the back of the head. The ruffs, or
collars, framed the face and dictated the hairstyles of the age which
were generally short for men ( at the beginning of the Elizabethan era)
and swept up look was required for women. A frizzy hairstyle was also
one of the required styles for women! Women kept their hair long and the
full natural beauty of their long hair was displayed by the young women
of the era. The long hair flowing hair of a young girl was a sign of a
virgin and the favoured hairstyle for a bride on her wedding day. An
Elizabethan bride would adorn her hair with fresh flowers. Once a woman
achieved the married status she wore her hair swept up. Much of the hair
was covered by some form of head covering. Long hair was generally
dressed in a bun to which the variety of head coverings could be pinned.
The front and sides of the hair received great attention as this was
the area that was most displayed. Fringes were not in fashion -
hairstyle fashion dictated that hair was combed way from the forehead.
The hairstyle was usually designed to compliment the style of the hat.
Frizzed hair was favoured by the Queen and therefore followed by ladies
of the court although straight hair was favoured with a centre parting
which especially complimented the french hood. </b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Head Coverings for Women</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><br />The
Elizabethan fashion dictated that the head was adorned with a hat,
veil, coif or caul. This fashion therefore ensured that much of the hair
was hidden by some form of head coverings. The style of the head
covering dictated the hairstyle. Many of the hats were adorned with
feathers, pearls, glass jewels, spangles, gold thread, embroidery and
lace.</b></span></b></span></div>
<ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The
Coif - The coif ( commonly referred to as the 'biggin' ) worn by all
children. Material was plain white linen, a close fitting cap tied under
the chin. Coifs were often worn as caps to keep hair in place under
more elaborate hats</b></span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The
French hood - Introduced from the French court by Anne Boleyn, the
mother of Queen Elizabeth I. A half moon, or crescent, style band or
brim sloping away from the face. The edges were often adorned with
pearls or glass jewels, called bilaments, and a veil covered the back of
the hair</b></span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The
Atifet - Similar to the French hood style but with a heart shaped
crescent - favoured in white by Mary Queen of Scots. Lace trimmnigs were
added </b></span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The
Caul - Cauls were the Elizabethan hair net! A Caul covered the hair at
the back of the head and was made of fabric, or fabric covered by netted
cord which was sometimes adorned with spangles. </b></span></b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The Pillbox style of hat - often had a veil attached to the back</b></span></b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Hair Style - a comment dating back to 1583!</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>During
the Elizabethan era pamphlets were printed and distributed commenting
on life in Elizabethan England. A writer of one such pamphlet was a well
travelled Londoner called Philip Stubbes. He was believed to have been
born c1555 and died c1610. He was well educated and attended both Oxford
and Cambridge University. He was also a strict Elizabethan Puritan and
held firm views on any social practices which, in his view were,
unfitting true Christians. He named his work " The Anatomie of Abuses "
in which he strongly criticised many of the fashions of the Elizabethan
era. It was entered in the Stationers' Register on 1 March 1583. This
pamphlet includes his view and some valuable information about
Elizabethan hair styles:</b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><i>"Then
followeth the trimming and tricking of their heds in laying out their
hair to the show, which of force must be curled, frizled and crisped,
laid out on wreathes & borders from one eare to an other. And lest
it should fall down, it is underpropped with forks, wyres, & I can
not tel what, rather like grim stern monsters, than chaste christian
matrones. Then on the edges of their bolstered heir (for it standeth
crested round about their frontiers, & hanging over their faces like
pendices or vails with glasse windows on every side) there is layd
great wreathes of gold and silver, curiously wrought & cunningly
applied to the temples of their heads. And for feare of lacking any
thing to set foorth their pride withal, at their heyre, thus wreathed
and crested, are hanged bugles, ouches, rings, gold, silver, glasses ,
& such other gewgawes and trinckets besides, which, for that they be
innumerable, and I unskilfull in wemens terms, I cannot easily
recount."</i></b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan Hair Styles for Men</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan
Hair Styles for men were just as important as they were for women. The
length of hair varied during the Elizabethan era. It started as short
closely cropped hairstyles and increased in length during the period.
Considerable time was spent grooming the hair, especially when it was
fashionable to sport a longer length. Long hair was required to be
curly! Men had their hair curled with hot irons. To keep the hair in
place wax or gum was applied to the hair!</b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;">Elizabethan </span></b><span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: medium;"><b>Beards</b></span><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><br />It
was fashionable for men to sport beards during the Elizabethan era. The
styles and cut of beards changed with the fashion of the day. The
beards could be cut in various styles including pointed ( van-dyke style
), square, round or oblong. Starch was applied to keep the beards in
place. Beards were also kept long and so required no help from the
barber. Philip Stubbes also had comments about Elizabethan barbers and
the cuts of beards available:</b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><i>"...have
invented such strange fashions and monstrous maners of cuttings,
trimmings, shavings and washings, that you would wonder to see. They
have one maner of cut called the French cut, another the Spanish cut,
one the Dutch cut, another the Italian, one the newe cut, another the
old, one of the bravado fashion, another of the meane fashion. One a
gentlemans cut, another the common cut, one cut of the court, an other
of the country..." </i></b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Another
description of Elizabethan England was written by William Harrison
between 1577 - 1587 who described how the vanity of Elizabethan men was
pandered to by their barbers</b></span></b></span></div>
<span style="color: #cccccc;"><b><i><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>"if
a man have a lean and straight face, a Marquess Otton’s cut will make
it broad and large; if it be platter-like, a long, slender beard will
make it seem the narrower; if he be weasel-becked, then much hair left
on the cheeks will make the owner look big like a bowdled hen, and as
grim as a goose, if Cornelis of Chelmersford say true. Many old men do
wear no beards at all." </b></span></i></b></span><br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-90485615249706799962012-09-02T21:36:00.002-07:002012-09-02T21:36:17.698-07:00Shakeperean time - Elizabethan period part1<div align="justify" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b><b><span style="color: #cccccc;">CLOTHING STYLE </span></b></b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: inherit;">
<br /></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b><b><span style="color: #cccccc;">The
Hair styles, Make-up, Jewelry and even suitable Wedding Dress has also
been included. But the most alien concepts of the Elizabethan era was
that, regardless of their wealth, Elizabethans were not allowed to wear
what clothes they liked. Their clothing and items of apparel were
dictated by the Elizabethan Sumptuary Laws which governed the style and
materials worn! <br /> </span></b></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="font-family: inherit;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 700px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div align="center">
<span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: small;"><b>Elizabethan Clothing for Women</b></span></div>
</td><td><div align="center">
<span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: small;"><b>Elizabethan Clothing for Men</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Underclothes!</b></span></div>
<ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Smock or shift, also called<br />a chemise made of linen</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Stockings or hose</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Corset or bodice</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Farthingale - a hooped skirt</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>A Roll or Rowle</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Stomacher</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Petticoat </b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Kirtle</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Forepart </b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Partlet</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Over Clothes!</b></span></div>
<ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Gown</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Separate sleeves</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Ruff</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Cloak</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Shoes</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Hat</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td><td valign="top"><ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Underclothes!</b></span></div>
<ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Shirt</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Stockings or hose</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Codpiece</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Corset</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Over Clothes!</b></span></div>
<ul style="color: #697fbf;" type="square">
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Doublet</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Separate sleeves</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Breeches</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Belt</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Ruff</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Cloak</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Shoes</b></span></div>
</li>
<li><div align="justify">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b>Hat</b></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</td></tr>
<tr><td><div align="center">
<span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: small;"><b>Elizabethan Clothing for Women</b></span></div>
</td><td><div align="center">
<span style="color: #778ed6; font-size: small;"><b>Elizabethan Clothing for Men</b></span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b><b><span style="color: #697fbf;">The Sumptuary Laws - Enforcing statutes of Apparel - Governing Elizabethan Clothing!</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>The
Elizabethan Sumptuary Clothing Laws were used to control behaviour and
to ensure that a specific class structure was maintained! English
Sumptuary Laws governing the clothing that Elizabethans wore were well
known by all of the English people. The penalties for violating
Sumptuary Laws could be harsh - fines, the loss of property, title and
even life!</b></span></b></span></div>
<div align="justify" style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-size: small;"><b><b><span style="color: #778ed6;">Elizabethan Clothing, Fashion and the Sumptuary Laws</span></b><span style="color: #cccccc;"><b>Elizabethan
clothes provided information about the status of the person wearing
them. This was not just dictated by the wealth of the person, it also
reflected their social standing. Only Royalty were permitted to wear
clothes trimmed with ermine. Lesser Nobles were allowed to wear clothing
trimmed with fox and otter and so on and so forth! Elizabethan
Sumptuary Laws dictated what colors and type of clothing individuals
were allowed to own and wear, an easy and immediate way to identify rank
and privilege. The materials and even the colors of Elizabethan
clothing were therefore very important and sections have been dedicated
to these subjects in relation to dyes, fabrics and the type of clothes
that men were allowed to wear and the type of clothing that Elizabethan
women were allowed to wear! As you read through the restrictions placed
on Elizabethan clothing the subject becomes more and more fascinating.
The importance and significance of costumes used in the Elizabethan
theatres also becomes very clear!</b></span></b></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-63629911610106217362012-08-10T21:25:00.002-07:002012-08-10T21:25:50.846-07:00Boccaccio's time - Medieval period (part6)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Giovanni Boccaccio </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
Born - Died : 1313 - 1375<br />
<br />
Boccaccio's father was a Tuscan merchant. Boccaccio was born in Paris and brought in Florence. His father sent him to Naples to learn about business. The young Boccaccio was drawn to scholarship but became interested in the social life of the commercial and courtly classes. He came to admire Petrarch and fell in love with a beautiful girl, Fiametta. He was called back to Florence by his father. His most famous book, The Decameron, was written between 1348 and 1353 and is regarded as a perfect example of classical Italian prose. The Tuscan language is the parent of modern Italian. The Decameron draws upon the author's own romantic experiences and on his knowledge of commercial life. The stories are based round the experience of ten young people who flea from plague then afflicting Florence. They occupy a villa and tell each other earthly tales of love and sexual intrigue. Boccaccio is regarded as one of the most important figures in European literature and a key influence on renaissance humanism.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-7481085909233810032012-08-10T20:59:00.001-07:002012-08-10T21:00:28.459-07:00Book trailer: Aleph<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxpf8VfFpMIqmtE3Lk__wC67UH_7r6AOnqjkA4g-RBUNhMssA-5EDlrL0uS2qqtlcxg6Vwo1x5QzpLFxl_7Zw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-9446608613182538202012-08-08T23:13:00.002-07:002012-08-08T23:13:46.057-07:00Boccaccio's time - Medieval period (part5)<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b> LITERATURE</b></div>
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<i><u>The Dark Ages and the Bards</u></i></div>
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English Medieval literature had no existence until Christian times of the Dark Ages when Latin was the language of English literature. English Medieval literature was not written. It is passed by word of mouth from one generation to another by English, Welsh and Irish bards. The origins of the stories about King Arthur and the Arthurian Legend are found in many Welsh legends and Celtic Myths which told by Bards who therefore contributed to Medieval literature.</div>
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<i><u>The Romantic Arthurian Legend</u></i></div>
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Tales told by the Bars were transferred into book form and the romantic stories of the Arthurian legend and the ideals of courtly love became part of Medieval literature. The main source of information about King Arthur and the ArthurianLegend was written by a Welsh cleric and author called Geoffrey of Monmouth who wrote a fictional book called Historia Regum Britanniae - the History of the Kings's of Britain in 1136. Other books called Historia Brittonum by Nennius, the Annales Cambriae, the Chronicon Anglicanum and the Welsh Mabinogion also make references to the Arthurian Legend and King Arthur.</div>
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<i><u>The Language</u></i></div>
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The French language came over to England with Williams the Conqueror. During the whole of the 12th century it shared wit Latin the distinction of being the literary language of England, and it was in use at the court until 14th century. It was not until the reign of King Henry IV that English became the native tongue of the kings of England.</div>
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<i><u>The Epic poems - Narrative Literature</u></i></div>
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The French epic poem came over to England at an early date. We know that the Chanson de Roland was sung at the battle of Hastings and such poetry was recited and sung in the 11th and 12th centuries by Troubadours, Trouveres and Minstrels who were the poets and musicians sang songs of courtly love and romance and were expected to learn and recite epic poems by heart. The aristocratic troubadours were poets who originated in the south of France and the elite troubadours of the north of France wrote in French and were called trouveres. Medieval poetry of the troubadours was invariably linked with music. The tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, originating with music and the poems of the English and Welsh Bards, were themes which were included in the lyrics of the Troubadour and minstrels songs.</div>
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<i><u>The poets and Authors</u></i></div>
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Medieval literature was written by a variety of authors and poets, many of which are included in the following list:</div>
<ul type="square">
<li>Caedmon (657-680) was the first English poet of whom we have any knowledge and credited with the authorship of "The Dream of the Holy Rood"</li>
<li>Venerable Bede (673-735) who wrote the Ecclesiastical History of England and the scientific treatise, De Natura Rerum</li>
<li>Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) Famous Medieval author of the Canterbury Tales</li>
<li>Margery Kempre (1373-c1438) Famous as the author of the first autobiography in English</li>
<li>John Gower (1325-1374) was famous as a Medieval Poet </li>
<li>Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) was famous as an Italian poet, and humanist and for his poems which were addressed to Laura</li>
<li>Dante 91265-1321) famous as a Medieval Poet and Politician</li>
<li>Christine de Pizan (1364-1430) famous as a Medieval author and feminist</li>
<li>William Longland (c13320c1386) who was famous as an English Poet who wrote the Vision of Piers Plowman</li>
<li>Boccaccio (1313-1375) an Italian writer who was famous for writing the Decameron</li>
<li>Rapahel Holinshed (c1529-1580) Famous as the Medieval Author of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland</li>
</ul>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-31618013766156320902012-08-08T22:05:00.000-07:002012-08-08T22:24:46.577-07:00Boccaccio's time - Medieval period (part4)<div>
<b>ENTERTAINMENT</b></div>
<div>
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<div>
<i><u>Holidays and Festivals</u></i></div>
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<div>
The Medieval people of the Middle Ages shared a common life in the work of the fields, in the sports of the village green, and in the services of the parish church. They enjoyed many holidays; it has been estimated that, besides Sundays, about eight weeks in every year were free from work. Festivities at Christmas, Easter, and May Day, at the end of ploughing and the completion of harvest, relieved the monotony of the daily round of labor.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
<i><u>The Entertainers</u></i></div>
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<div>
Who were the people who provided the entertainment during the Middle Ages? The Medieval entertainers of the Middle Ages including Jesters (A fool or buffoon at medieval courts), Mummers (Masked or costumed merrymaker or dancers at festivals), Minstrels and Troubadours, acrobats and jugglers and conjurers.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i><u>Games and Entertainment</u></i></div>
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<div>
Medieval Games of the Middle Ages were popular in all walks of society. Games were played by the upper classes and the Lower classes, by adults and children. Different types of games and entertainment fell into a number of different categories including Card Games, Board Games, Dice Games, and Sporting Games and Children's games. Frequently, these games were played for money or honors, and therefore they are the ancestors of the modern day's casino games such as craps, online slots, or roulette. The following board games were played and enjoyed as entertainment during the middle ages:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>Chess</li>
<li>Backgammon</li>
<li>Alquerques</li>
<li>Fox and Geese</li>
<li>Knucklebones</li>
</ul>
<i><u>Outdoor Entertainment</u></i></div>
<div>
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<div>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Archery</li>
<li>Gameball</li>
<li>Bowls</li>
<li>Colf - the ancestor of Golf</li>
<li>Hammer - throwing</li>
<li>Hurling - a similar game to Hockey</li>
<li>Wrestling</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
Outdoor entertainment also included the practices of certain festivals including May Day when people danced around a maypole and choose a May Queen. Religious plays were re-enacted by the Mummers.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i><u>Entertainment for rich people</u></i></div>
<div>
<i><u><br /></u></i></div>
<div>
Entertainment for rich people centered around the spectacles of jousting and feasts or banquets. The Medieval Period of the Middle Ages becoming more refined and elegant and the concept of courtly love was introduced and displayed at both tournaments and jousts. The sumptuous feasts and banquets also provided</div>
<div>
entertainment for rich people during the Middle Ages. During the feast musicians would play and provide musical entertainment. After feasting entertainment might be provided by minstrels, troubadours, jesters, acrobats, fire-eaters and conjurers. The dance was also important as part of "courtly love" entertainment. Knights were expected not only to fight but also to dance.</div>
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<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-50411089859211574642012-08-01T06:49:00.001-07:002012-08-01T06:49:53.219-07:00Boccaccio's time - Medieval period (part3)<b>Foods of the Middle Ages</b><br />
<b><br /></b><br />
There was an enormous range of foods available during the Middle Ages. However, the type of foods was consumed and the quantity of foods consumed depended on wealth and status.<br />
<br />
<b>Middle Ages Food and Diet</b><br />
<b><br /></b><br />
Did the people of the Middle Ages eat food which constituted a good balance diet? No! And especially not for the rich! The wealthy nobles ate few fresh vegetables and little fresh fruit. Fruit was only usually served in pies or was preserved in honey. Vegetables and fresh fruit were eaten by the poor - vegetables would have been included in some form of stew, soup or pottage. Vegetables which came from the ground were only are considered fit to feed the poor. Only vegetables such as rape, onions, garlic and leek's graced a Noble's table of the Medieval era. Dairy products were also deemed as inferior foods and therefore only usually eaten by the poor. Little was known about nutrition and and the Medieval diet of the rich Nobles lacked Vit. C and fibre. This led to an assortment of health problems including bad teeth, skin diseases, scurvy and rickets.<br />
<br />
<b>Food and Diet of the Upper Classes/ Nobility</b><br />
<br />
The food and diet of the wealthy was extensive, but only small portions was taken. A change in culture emerged during the Middle Ages when the travel prompted by the Crusades led to a new and unprecedented interest in beautiful objects and elegant manners. This change extended to food preparation and presentation resulting in fabulous food arrangements and exotic colors and flavorings. Their food was highly spiced.<br />
<br />
<b>Food and Diet of the Lower Classes/ Peasants</b><br />
<b><br /></b><br />
The Middle Ages food and diet of the peasants was very much home grown. They were unable to afford luxury items such as spices and only Lords and Nobles were allowed to hunt deer, boar, hares and rabbits. The punishments for poaching could result in death or having hands cut off.<br />
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-91793746188648112882012-08-01T05:50:00.002-07:002012-08-01T05:50:05.941-07:00Boccaccio's time - Medieval time (part2)<b>Life in the Middle Ages</b><br />
<br />
The peasants, including serfs, freeman and villeins, on a manor lived close together in one or more villages. Their small, thatch-roofed, and one-roomed houses would be grouped about an open space, or on both sides of a single, narrow street. The only important buildings on that time were the parish church, the parsonage, a mill, and possibly a blacksmith's shop. The population of one of these villages often didn't exceed in one hundred people.<br />
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Medieval village life during the Middle Ages was self-sufficing. Perhaps the most striking feature of medieval village life was its self-sufficiency. The inhabitants tried to produce at home everything they required in order to avoid the uncertainty and expense of trad. The land gave them their food; the forest provided them with wood for their houses and furniture. <br />
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<b>Life of the Peasants and the Lords</b><br />
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Life in a medieval villages was rude and rough. The peasants labored from sunrise to sunset, ate coarse fare, lived in huts, and suffered from frequent pestilences. They were often the helpless prey of the feudal nobles. If their lord happened to be a quarrelsome man, given to fighting with his neighbors, they might see their lands ravaged, their cattle driven off, their village burned, and might themselves be slain. Even under peaceful conditions the narrow, shut-in life of the manor could not be otherwise than degrading. Under feudalism the lords and nobles of the land had certain rights over medieval serfs and peasants which included the right of jurisdiction, which gave judicial power tot he nobles and lords and the right of hunting.<br />
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There were positive points of peasants and their village life in the middle ages. If the peasants had a just and generous lord, they probably led a fairly comfortable existence. Except when crops failed, they had an abundance of food, and possibly a cider drink. They shared a common life in the work of the fields and in the services of the parish church.<br />
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<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-34963933385766398172012-07-21T07:51:00.001-07:002012-07-21T07:51:36.629-07:00Boccaccio's time - medieval period<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">MEDIEVAL FASHION</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Medieval fashion during the middle ages was dominated and highly influenced by Kings and Queens of the era. Only the wealthy could dress in fashionable clothes.Sumptuary laws restricted ordinary people in their expenditure including money spent on clothes, which impacted Medieval fashion. Under the Sumptuary laws passed by King Edward III only royalty were allowed to wear cloth of gold and purple silk. Expensive veils were banned for lower class women. Only the wives or daughters of nobles were allowed to velvet, satin sable, or ermine. Different events which occurred during Medieval era of the Middle Ages also affected fashion. The Crusades was probably the greatest influence on Medieval Fashion when fine silks, satins, damasks, brocades, and velvet were imported from the the Far East. The Medieval fashion worn in the royal courts in the Middle Ages were imitated across Europe. Fashions in France. Spain and Italy atrongly influenced the fashions of the Medieval England.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">MEDIEVAL HAIRSTYLE</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: -webkit-left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">During the Medieval era, both men and women of the upper social classes wore their hair in loose curls. Women sometimes fastened gold balls at the end of their hair. The lower classes wore their hair undecorated and generally shorter, at the chin or shoulders. Noble women wore flat bonnets that covered their hair, or ribbons and gold threads in their hair. Later, bonnets, hats and veils became even more popular when church tradition decreed that married women were to keep their hair covered. Cone-shaped hats with a veil were also popular during this era. Women sometimes had their hair styled into what looked like two identical mounds (either braided or unbraided) on the both sides of the head. During this time, a woman's high forehead was considered a beautiful feature, and women often shaved off their forehead to heighten their hairlines. Their foreheads were decorated with headbands which were sometimes adorned with pearls and stones. Women also wore nets in their hair during this era.</span></span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3104561691785512357.post-55631135237915767352012-06-28T09:28:00.000-07:002012-06-28T10:04:35.506-07:00Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: inherit; line-height: 115%;">Born January 19, 1809, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. American short-story
writer, poet, critic, and editor Edgar Allan Poe's tales of mystery and horror
initiated the modern detective story, and the atmosphere in his tales of horror
is unrivaled in American fiction.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3104561691785512357" name="early-life"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Early Life</span></b></a><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">With his short stories and poems, Edgar Allan
Poe captured the imagination and interest of readers around the world. His
creative talents led to the beginning of different literary genres, earning him
the nickname "Father of the Detective Story" among other
distinctions. His life, however, has become a bit of mystery itself. And the
lines between fact and fiction have been blurred substantially since his death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">The son of actors, Poe never really knew his
parents. His father left the family early on, and his mother passed away when
he was only three. Separated from his siblings, Poe went to live with John and
Frances Allan, a successful tobacco merchant and his wife, in Richmond,
Virginia. He and Frances seemed to form a bond, but he never quite meshed with John.
Preferring poetry over profits, Poe reportedly wrote poems on the back of some
of Allan's business papers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Money was also an issue between Poe and John
Allan. When Poe went to the University of Virginia in 1826, he didn't receive
enough funds from Allan to cover all his costs. Poe turned to gambling to cover
the difference, but ended up in debt. He returned home only to face another
personal setback—his neighbor and fiancée Elmira Royster had become engaged to
someone else. Heartbroken and frustrated, Poe left the Allans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3104561691785512357" name="career-beginnings"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Career Beginnings</span></b></a><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">At first, Poe seemed
to be harboring twin aspirations. Poe published his first book, <i>Tamerlane
and Other Poems</i> in 1827, and he had joined the army around this time.
Poe wanted to go to West Point, a military academy, and won a spot there in
1830. Before going to West Point, he published a second collection <i>Al
Aaraaf, Tamberlane, and Minor Poems</i> in 1829. Poe excelled at his
studies at West Point, but he was kicked out after a year for his poor handling
of his duties. Some have speculated that he intentionally sought to be
court-martialed. During his time at West Point, Poe had fought with his foster
father and Allan decided to sever ties with him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">After leaving the academy, Poe focused his
writing full time. He moved around in search of opportunity, living in New York
City, Baltimore, Philadelphia and Richmond. From 1831 to 1835, he stayed in
Baltimore with his aunt Maria Clemm and her daughter Virginia. His young
cousin, Virginia, became a literary inspiration to Poe as well as his love
interest. The couple married in 1836 when she was only 13 (or 14 as some
sources say) years old.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Returning to Richmond in
1835, Poe went to work for a magazine called the <i>Southern Literary
Messenger</i>. There he developed a reputation as a cut-throat critic, writing
vicious reviews of his contemporaries. Poe also published some of his own works
in the magazine, including two parts of his only novel <i>The Narrative of
Arthur Gordon Pym</i>. His tenure there proved short, however. Poe's
aggressive-reviewing style and sometimes combative personality strained his
relationship with the publication, and he left the magazine in 1837. His
problems with alcohol also played a role in his departure, according to some
reports. Poe went on to brief stints at two other papers, <i>Burton's Gentleman's Magazine</i> and <i>The Broadway Journal</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Major Works</span></b><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">In late 1830s, Poe
published <i>Tales of the Grotesque
and Arabesque</i>, a collection of
stories. It contained several of his most spine-tingling tales, including
"The Fall of the House of Usher," "Ligeia" and
"William Wilson." Poe launched the new genre of detective fiction
with 1841's "The Murders in the Rue Morgue." A writer on the rise, he
won a literary prize in 1843 for "The Gold Bug," a suspenseful tale
of secret codes and hunting treasure.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Poe became a literary
sensation in 1845 with the publication of the poem "The Raven." It is
considered a great American literary work and one of the best of Poe's career.
In the work, Poe explored some of his common themes—death and loss. An unknown
narrator laments the demise of his great love Lenore. That same year, he found
himself under attack for his stinging criticisms of his fellow poet <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/henry-wadsworth-longfellow-9385673"><span style="text-decoration: none;">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</span></a>. Poe claimed that Longfellow, a widely
popular literary figure, was a plagiarist, and this written assault on
Longfellow created a bit of backlash for Poe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Continuing work in different forms, Poe
examined his own methodology and writing in general in several essays,
including "The Philosophy of Composition," "The Poetic
Principle" and "The Rationale of Verse." He also produced
another thrilling tale, "The Cask of Amontillado," and poems such as "Ulalume"
and "The Bells."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3104561691785512357" name="mysterious-death"><b><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">Mysterious Death</span></b></a><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Poe was overcome by grief after the death of
his beloved Virginia in 1847. While he continued to work, he suffered from poor
health and struggled financially. His final days remain somewhat of a mystery.
He left Richmond on September 27, 1849, and was supposedly on his way to
Philadelphia. On October 3, Poe was found in Baltimore in great distress. He
was taken to Washington College Hospital where he died on October 7. His last
words were "Lord, help my poor soul."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">At the time, it was said that Poe died of
"congestion of the brain." But his actual cause of death has been the
subject of endless speculation. Some experts believe that alcoholism led to his
demise while others offer up alternative theories. Rabies, epilepsy, carbon
monoxide poisoning are just some of the conditions thought to have led to the
great writer's death.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Shortly after his passing, Poe's reputation
was badly damaged by his literary adversary Rufus Griswold. Griswold, who had
been sharply criticized by Poe, took his revenge in his obituary of Poe,
portraying the gifted yet troubled writer as a mentally deranged drunkard and
womanizer. He also penned the first biography of Poe, which helped cement some
of these misconceptions in the public's minds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">While he never had financial success in his lifetime,
Poe has become one of America's most enduring writers. His works are as
compelling today as there were more than a century ago. A bright, imaginative
thinker, Poe crafted stories and poems that still shock, surprise and move
modern readers.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Some of his works</span></b></div>
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<h1 style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">Annabel Lee<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> It was many and many a year ago,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In a kingdom by the sea,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> That a maiden there lived whom you may know<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> By the name of ANNABEL LEE;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And this maiden she lived with no other thought<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Than to love and be loved by me.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> I was a child and she was a child,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In this kingdom by the sea;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> But we loved with a love that was more than love-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> I and my Annabel Lee;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Coveted her and me.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And this was the reason that, long ago,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In this kingdom by the sea,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> My beautiful Annabel Lee;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> So that her highborn kinsman came<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And bore her away from me,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> To shut her up in a sepulchre<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In this kingdom by the sea.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> The angels, not half so happy in heaven,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Went envying her and me-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Yes!- that was the reason (as all men know,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In this kingdom by the sea)<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> That the wind came out of the cloud by night,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> But our love it was stronger by far than the love<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of those who were older than we-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of many far wiser than we-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And neither the angels in heaven above,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Nor the demons down under the sea,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Can ever dissever my soul from the soul<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of the beautiful Annabel Lee;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In the sepulchre there by the sea,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In her tomb by the sounding sea.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> A Dream Within a Dream<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Take this kiss upon the brow!<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And, in parting from you now,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Thus much let me avow-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> You are not wrong, who deem<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> That my days have been a dream;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Yet if hope has flown away<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In a night, or in a day,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In a vision, or in none,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Is it therefore the less gone?<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> All that we see or seem<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Is but a dream within a dream.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></o:p></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> I stand amid the roar<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of a surf-tormented shore,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And I hold within my hand<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Grains of the golden sand-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> How few! yet how they creep<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Through my fingers to the deep,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> While I weep- while I weep!<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> O God! can I not grasp<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Them with a tighter clasp?<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> O God! can I not save<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> One from the pitiless wave?<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Is all that we see or seem<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> But a dream within a dream?<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white;"></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white;"></pre>
<pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><h1 style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
Evening Star</span></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">'Twas noontide of summer,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And mid-time of night;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">And stars, in their orbits,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Shone pale, thro' the light<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Of the brighter, cold moon,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> 'Mid planets her slaves,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Herself in the Heavens,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Her beam on the waves.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> I gazed awhile<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> On her cold smile;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Too cold- too cold for me-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> There pass'd, as a shroud,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> A fleecy cloud,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">And I turned away to thee,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Proud Evening Star,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> In thy glory afar,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">And dearer thy beam shall be;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> For joy to my heart<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Is the proud part<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thou bearest in Heaven at night,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> And more I admire<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Thy distant fire,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Than that colder, lowly light.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white;"><h1 style="background-color: white; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;">
Silence</span></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background-color: white; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> There are some qualities- some incorporate things,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> That have a double life, which thus is made<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> A type of that twin entity which springs<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> From matter and light, evinced in solid and shade.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> There is a two-fold Silence- sea and shore-<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Body and soul. One dwells in lonely places,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Newly with grass o'ergrown; some solemn graces,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Some human memories and tearful lore,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Render him terrorless: his name's "No More."<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> He is the corporate Silence: dread him not!<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> No power hath he of evil in himself;<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> But should some urgent fate (untimely lot!)<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Bring thee to meet his shadow (nameless elf,<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> That haunteth the lone regions where hath trod<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><pre style="background: white; mso-line-height-alt: 12.75pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> No foot of man,) commend thyself to God!<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></pre>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span></pre>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: inherit;">The raven</span></b></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
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<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Once upon a
midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Over many a quaint
and curious volume of forgotten lore,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly
there came a tapping,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> As of some one
gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "'Tis some
visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Only
this, and nothing more."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Ah, distinctly I
remember it was in the bleak December,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And each separate
dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Eagerly I wished
the morrow;- vainly I had sought to borrow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> From my books
surcease of sorrow- sorrow for the lost Lenore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> For the rare and
radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Nameless here for evermore.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And the silken
sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Thrilled me-
filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> So that now, to still
the beating of my heart, I stood repeating,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "'Tis some
visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Some late visitor
entreating entrance at my chamber door;-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> This
it is, and nothing more."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Presently my
soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "Sir,"
said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But the fact is
I was napping, and so gently you came rapping,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And so faintly
you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> That I scarce was
sure I heard you"- here I opened wide the door;-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Darkness there, and nothing more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Deep into that
darkness peering, long I stood there wondering,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> fearing,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Doubting, dreaming
dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But the silence
was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And the only
word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> This I whispered,
and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!"-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Merely this, and nothing more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Back into the
chamber turning, all my soul within me burning,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Soon again I
heard a tapping somewhat louder than before.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
"Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my
window lattice:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Let me see,
then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Let my heart be
still a moment and this mystery explore;-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> 'Tis
the wind and nothing more."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Open here I
flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> flutter,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> In there stepped a
stately raven of the saintly days of yore;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Not the least
obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> he;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But, with mien
of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Perched upon a
bust of Pallas just above my chamber door-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Perched, and sat, and nothing more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Then this ebony
bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> By the grave and
stern decorum of the countenance it wore.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "Though thy
crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> craven,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Ghastly grim and
ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Tell me what thy
lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Much I marvelled
this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Though its answer
little meaning- little relevancy bore;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> For we cannot
help agreeing that no living human being<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Ever yet was
blest with seeing bird above his chamber door-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Bird or beast upon
the sculptured bust above his chamber door,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> With
such name as "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But the raven,
sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> That one word, as
if his soul in that one word he did outpour.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Nothing further
then he uttered- not a feather then he fluttered-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Till I scarcely
more than muttered, "other friends have flown<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> before-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> On the morrow he
will leave me, as my hopes have flown before."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Then
the bird said, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Startled at the
stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
"Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock
and store,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Caught from
some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Followed fast
and followed faster till his songs one burden bore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Till the dirges of
his Hope that melancholy burden bore<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Of
'Never- nevermore'."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But the Raven
still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Straight I wheeled
a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> door;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Then upon the
velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Fancy unto
fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> What this grim,
ungainly, ghastly, gaunt and ominous bird of yore<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Meant in croaking "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> This I sat
engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> To the fowl whose
fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> This and more I
sat divining, with my head at ease reclining<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> On the cushion's
velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> But whose velvet
violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> She
shall press, ah, nevermore!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Then methought
the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Swung by Seraphim
whose footfalls tinkled on the tufted floor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
"Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee- by these
angels he<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> hath sent
thee<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Respite- respite
and nepenthe, from thy memories of Lenore!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Quaff, oh quaff
this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!- prophet still, if
bird or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> devil!-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Whether Tempter
sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Desolate yet all
undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> On this home by
horror haunted- tell me truly, I implore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Is there- is there
balm in Gilead?- tell me- tell me, I implore!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
"Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil- prophet still, if
bird or<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> devil!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> By that Heaven
that bends above us- by that God we both adore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Tell this soul
with sorrow laden if, within the distant Aidenn,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> It shall clasp a
sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Clasp a rare and
radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "Be that
word our sign in parting, bird or fiend," I shrieked,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> upstarting-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> "Get thee
back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Leave no black
plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Leave my
loneliness unbroken!- quit the bust above my door!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Take thy beak from
out my heart, and take thy form from off my<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> door!"<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> Quoth
the Raven, "Nevermore."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And the Raven,
never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> On the pallid bust
of Pallas just above my chamber door;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And his eyes
have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And the
lamplight o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> floor;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"> And my soul from
out that shadow that lies floating on the floor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Shall be lifted- nevermore!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03193851999116211105noreply@blogger.com2